Charlotte, NC Business License Guide

The Ultimate Charlotte, North Carolina Business License and Permitting Guide

Last updated: August 2025

Quick help (read this first)

What “business license” means in Charlotte (reality check)

The City of Charlotte does not issue a single, catch-all “business license” for most businesses. That changed because of a state law that repealed most local privilege licenses effective July 1, 2015. Source: North Carolina Session Law 2014-3 (HB 1050).

Instead, you’ll pull together the right mix of:

Fast facts that matter

At‑a‑glance: Which Charlotte approvals you may need

Table notes: Costs and timelines vary. Click the official links for current fees, forms, and processing times.

Need Who issues it When you need it Typical timing Where to start
Zoning/use approval for your address City of Charlotte Planning, Design & Development Before lease/build-out Varies by case City of Charlotte – Planning (site)
Building permits & Certificate of Occupancy (CO) Mecklenburg County LUESA Code Enforcement New build, remodel, change of use Varies; simple: days, complex: weeks Mecklenburg County LUESA/Code Enforcement
Fire code permit (e.g., cooking, assembly, hazardous) Local fire code official (Charlotte Fire coordinates with LUESA) Kitchens, events, certain systems Varies; often days to weeks Start with 311 or LUESA
Sales & use tax account NCDOR Selling taxable goods/services Often same day online NCDOR – Business Registration
Withholding tax account NCDOR If you have employees Often same day online NCDOR – Business Registration
Unemployment insurance (UI) employer account NC Division of Employment Security (DES) If you have employees Usually 1–2 weeks DES – Employer Accounts
Food service permits Mecklenburg County Public Health (Environmental Health) Restaurants, food trucks, caterers Plan review + inspection Mecklenburg County Public Health – Environmental Health
Alcohol permits NC ABC Commission On/off‑premises alcohol sales Background checks + inspections NC ABC Commission – Permits
Sign permit City of Charlotte/Mecklenburg County New exterior signs Varies; often 1–3 weeks Start with 311 or LUESA
DBA (“assumed name”) NC Assumed Business Name (filed with county ROD; statewide index) Sole proprietors/partnerships using a trade name Same day to a few days SOS – Assumed Business Name
Business personal property listing Mecklenburg County Assessor Most businesses with equipment/furnishings Due January 31 yearly Mecklenburg County Assessor

What to do if this doesn’t work:

  • If you’re not sure where your activity fits, call 311 and say, “I need help mapping out my permits for a [your industry] business.” They will route you to Planning, LUESA, or Fire as needed.
  • For state-level licensing uncertainty, start at NC.gov – Professional Licensing Boards to find your board.

Step 1: Confirm your location and zoning before you sign anything

This is the most common make-or-break step. The right address can save you months.

  • Ask the City whether your intended use is allowed at the address. Use 311 or the City’s Planning, Design & Development contacts via charlottenc.gov.
  • If you’re building out or changing the use of a space, Mecklenburg County LUESA (Code Enforcement) will advise you on building permits and whether you’ll need a new Certificate of Occupancy. Start at Mecklenburg County LUESA.
  • Home-based business? Review Charlotte’s rules for “home occupation” before you operate. Expect limits on signage, employees on-site, parking, and customer visits. Start at 311 to confirm the current home occupation standards.
  • Signs and outdoor seating also need approvals. Don’t buy or install signage until you confirm a sign permit path. Start at 311 or Mecklenburg County LUESA.

Required documents (typical):

  • Proposed address, suite number, and a basic description of your business activities.
  • If leasing, a draft floor plan or landlord fit‑out plan. For home occupation, simple sketch and description may be enough.

Realistic timelines:

  • Zoning/use determination: often within days for simple cases; more time for conditional or special uses.
  • Building permit plan review: simple interior alterations may be days; complex build‑outs can be weeks.
  • Certificate of Occupancy: after final inspections; timing depends on project scope.

Common pitfalls:

  • Signing a lease only to learn your use isn’t allowed or requires major (expensive) upgrades.
  • Skipping sign permits and getting a violation.
  • Assuming a home business is “automatically allowed” for any activity.

What to do if this doesn’t work:

  • If your use isn’t permitted at your target address, ask Planning about alternative zoning districts or close-by addresses that do allow your use. Then ask your broker/landlord for options.
  • If the build‑out costs blow your budget, consider shared spaces (commercial kitchens, co‑warehouses, coworking) that already hold needed approvals.

Step 2: Register your legal structure (LLC, corporation, or DBA)

Pick and form your legal structure before applying for most permits.

  • LLC or corporation: File with the North Carolina Secretary of State (SOS). Source: NC SOS – Business Registration.
  • Sole proprietor or general partnership using a name other than your legal name? File an Assumed Business Name (DBA) with the county Register of Deeds, indexed statewide. Source: SOS – Assumed Business Names.

Required documents (typical):

  • Name availability confirmation (check at SOS).
  • Registered agent and registered office in North Carolina.
  • Formation documents (Articles of Organization for LLC; Articles of Incorporation for corporations).

Costs and timelines:

  • Formation filing fees apply and vary by entity type. See current fees at NC SOS – Fees. Filing online is usually faster. Many filings complete within days.

Common pitfalls:

  • Picking a name already in use and getting rejected.
  • Forming an entity after you’ve signed a lease or contract in your personal name.

What to do if this doesn’t work:

  • If you’re unsure about structure, speak with a North Carolina business attorney or CPA. The SBA North Carolina District Office can also connect you to no-cost advising (SBDC, SCORE, and WBC Charlotte).

Step 3: Get your EIN (federal employer ID)

You’ll need an EIN to:

  • Open a business bank account, hire employees, or file certain tax registrations.

Common pitfalls:

  • Paying third-party websites for an EIN. It should be $0.

What to do if this doesn’t work:

  • If you’re not eligible for the online application (e.g., no SSN/ITIN), follow the IRS Form SS-4 instructions on the same page for phone, fax, or mail alternatives.

Step 4: Register with North Carolina for taxes

Most local “license” questions actually come down to the right state tax registrations.

  • Sales & Use Tax: If you sell taxable goods or certain services in NC, register with NCDOR. Registration is free. Source: NCDOR – Business Registration.
  • Withholding Tax: If you have employees, register for NC withholding (payroll) at NCDOR. Source: same as above.
  • Unemployment Insurance (UI): Register as an employer with the NC Division of Employment Security (DES). Source: DES – Employer Accounts.

Charlotte/Mecklenburg sales tax

  • The combined rate in Charlotte/Mecklenburg County is commonly 7.25% (state 4.75% + local). Check the current rate for Mecklenburg County: NCDOR – County Sales Tax Rates.

Required documents (typical):

  • EIN (or SSN for sole proprietor), legal name, entity details, NAICS code, start date, and business address.

Realistic timelines:

  • NCDOR online registration is often same day. DES UI account setup can take 1–2 weeks depending on volume.

Common pitfalls:

  • Not collecting sales tax on taxable sales from day one.
  • Forgetting that online sales to NC customers can still be taxable.
  • Missing payroll tax deposit deadlines.

What to do if this doesn’t work:

  • Call NCDOR Taxpayer Assistance at 1-877-252-3052 for account registration issues or to clarify taxable sales. Source: NCDOR – Contact.
  • For UI employer questions, start at DES – Employers.

Step 5: Pull building, fire, and occupancy approvals (if you have a physical space)

If you’re building out or changing space, get these right upfront.

  • Building permits and inspections: Mecklenburg County LUESA Code Enforcement handles building, electrical, mechanical, and plumbing permits and coordinates final inspections and Certificates of Occupancy. Start: Mecklenburg County LUESA.
  • Fire code permits: Certain uses (commercial kitchens, assembly spaces, special events, hazardous materials) require fire permits. In Charlotte, fire code compliance is coordinated locally with Charlotte Fire and the county permitting systems. Start with 311 or LUESA for direction.
  • Certificate of Occupancy (CO): If your use is new or your build‑out changes occupancy, you will need a new CO after final inspections.

Required documents (typical):

  • Sealed plans for commercial build‑outs.
  • Contractor license information (if applicable).
  • Equipment cut sheets (e.g., hood systems, suppression systems).

Realistic timelines:

  • Simple interior-only projects can be reviewed within days; complex projects can take weeks or longer depending on revisions and workload.

Common pitfalls:

  • Starting work without permits, leading to stop-work orders and delays.
  • Buying equipment that doesn’t meet code (e.g., wrong kitchen hood).

What to do if this doesn’t work:

  • Use LUESA’s customer support to request a “pre-submittal” or “early assistance” meeting. Ask your architect/contractor to attend so you hear the same guidance.

Step 6: Industry-specific licenses and health permits

Some industries have extra steps. Get these moving early to avoid bottlenecks.

Table: Common Charlotte industry permits

Industry Primary approvals Notes Where to start
Restaurants/cafés Environmental Health permit; building/fire if needed; sales tax Plan review, equipment specs, and pre-opening inspection required Mecklenburg County Public Health – Environmental Health
Food trucks/caterers Mobile food unit permit; commissary agreement; fire permit for cooking You must operate from an approved commissary; fire safety checks required Mecklenburg County Environmental Health; 311
Alcohol (on/off premises) NC ABC permits; local zoning sign‑off; background checks Different permits for beer/wine/mixed beverages; fees vary by permit NC ABC Commission – Permitting
Salons/barbers State shop license; practitioner license; building/fire if applicable Separate facility and practitioner licensing [NC Cosmetic Art Examiners] via NC Licensing Boards directory
Child care State child care license; zoning; building/fire Strict ratio, training, and facility standards NC DHHS – Child Care Licensing
Construction trades State contractor/trade licenses; building permits GC license for jobs ≥ $40,000; trade licenses required NC Licensing Board for General Contractors; NC boards directory
Transportation (TNCs, taxis, shuttles) State and local rules; vehicle inspections; insurance Requirements vary by mode 311 and NCDOT links via NC.gov

Alcohol permits specifics (reality check):

  • ABC permits are state-level. The type (e.g., on‑premises beer and wine, mixed beverage) determines the paperwork and fees. You will typically need a zoning/use sign‑off, background checks, and a pre-opening inspection. Processing can take several weeks. Source: NC ABC Commission – Permits.

Food service specifics:

  • Mecklenburg County Environmental Health requires plan review for new/renovated food establishments, including food trucks (mobile food units). You’ll need a permitted commissary for mobile units and a pre-opening inspection. Source: Mecklenburg County Public Health – Environmental Health.

Common pitfalls:

  • Signing a lease for a restaurant space that cannot support required ventilation, grease interception, or occupancy.
  • Buying a food truck that cannot pass local food safety or fire inspections.
  • Applying for ABC permits before you’ve cleared local zoning sign‑off.

What to do if this doesn’t work:

  • Book a consult with Environmental Health before you purchase equipment. Ask for a plan review checklist and sample floor plan.
  • For ABC, call the ABC Commission permitting office for a pre-application checklist. If timing is tight, plan a soft opening without alcohol until your permits arrive.

Step 7: Hiring employees in North Carolina

If you’ll have employees, line up these items early.

  • EIN (IRS): Free, needed for payroll. Source: IRS – EIN.
  • Withholding tax account (NCDOR): Register online. Source: NCDOR – Business Registration.
  • Unemployment Insurance (DES): Register as a new employer. Source: DES – Employer Accounts.
  • Workers’ Compensation: Required for most employers with 3 or more employees (some exceptions). Source: NC Industrial Commission.
  • New Hire Reporting: Report new employees to the state directory shortly after hire (federal requirement; NC participates). Start via NCDOR or DES links to the New Hire Directory.

Required documents (typical):

  • EIN, business legal info, officer/owner info, estimated payroll start date.

Realistic timelines:

  • NCDOR accounts can be immediate; DES can take 1–2 weeks; workers’ comp policy depends on your insurer.

Common pitfalls:

  • Waiting to buy workers’ comp until after an injury occurs (very risky and illegal if required).
  • Missing wage and hour postings or meals/rest rules. North Carolina follows federal minimum wage ($7.25). Source: U.S. DOL – Wage and Hour.

What to do if this doesn’t work:

Step 8: Ongoing local tax and filing duties

Don’t miss these after you open.

  • Business Personal Property Listing: File with the Mecklenburg County Assessor by January 31 each year if you own business equipment, furniture, computers, or machinery. Late listing penalties (often 10%) may apply under NC law. Start at Mecklenburg County Assessor.
  • Sales tax returns: File with NCDOR monthly, quarterly, or annually depending on your assignment. Source: NCDOR – Sales and Use Tax.
  • Withholding and UI filings: File with NCDOR/DES per your assigned schedule.

Common pitfalls:

  • Not listing leased equipment (often still your listing responsibility).
  • Not updating your address with NCDOR and DES, leading to missed notices and penalties.

What to do if this doesn’t work:

  • If you miss the January 31 listing, contact the Assessor promptly through Mecklenburg County Assessor to discuss options and penalties.
  • If you receive a tax notice you don’t understand, call NCDOR at 1-877-252-3052 for clarification.

Realistic timelines (Charlotte examples)

The following are typical ranges; your case may be shorter or longer. Always check the current workload with the agency.

Task Typical timing Notes
EIN (IRS) Immediate online Free
NCDOR tax registration Same day to 48 hours Sales/use and withholding
Zoning/use confirmation A few days to a few weeks Depends on complexity
Building permit plan review Days to weeks Depends on scope and responses
Health plan review + inspection Weeks Pre-opening inspection required
Fire code permit Days to weeks Varies by system and occupancy
ABC permits Several weeks Background checks + local sign‑off
Sign permits 1–3 weeks Depends on design and zoning

What to do if this doesn’t work:

  • Ask the agency if your application can be split into phases (e.g., “shell” and “upfit” permits).
  • Submit complete documents up front (sealed plans, cut sheets) and respond quickly to comments to keep your place in queue.

Cost snapshot (where to find the exact numbers)

You asked for concrete numbers. Many fees change with local ordinances or annual schedules. Use these official pages to pull current amounts before you pay anything:

Common pitfalls:

  • Paying a non-government website with outdated fee tables.
  • Buying an annual permit that you don’t yet need (e.g., ABC) before your location is ready.

What to do if this doesn’t work:

  • If a fee seems off, call 311 (local permits) or the agency listed on the fee schedule and ask for the “current fee schedule” link before paying.

Real-world Charlotte examples (how this plays out)

Example A: Small coffee shop in Plaza Midwood

  • You verify zoning allows a café at the chosen address (before signing).
  • Your architect submits plans to LUESA for building and mechanical permits for the espresso bar, sinks, and ventilation.
  • You submit food establishment plans to Mecklenburg County Environmental Health for plan review, purchase equipment that meets code, and schedule a pre-opening inspection.
  • You register with NCDOR for sales tax, buy workers’ comp when you reach 3 employees, and register with DES.
  • Before opening, you pass final inspections, receive the CO, and complete your health permit inspection.

Example B: E‑commerce apparel with a small office/warehouse in University City

  • Zoning confirms office/warehouse use is permitted at your address.
  • No build‑out permits needed; you still need a CO if the space is new to your business.
  • You register with NCDOR for sales tax (goods shipped to NC customers are generally taxable).
  • You file your business personal property listing by January 31 for warehouse racks, computers, and office furniture.

Example C: Mobile food unit (food truck)

  • You secure a commissary agreement with a permitted kitchen in Charlotte.
  • Your truck is built to meet NC food code and local fire code. You pass Environmental Health inspection for a mobile food unit and get a fire safety inspection.
  • You register with NCDOR for sales tax and confirm where mobile vending is allowed (hours, spacing, and zoned lots). Start with 311 for local vending rules and required approvals.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Skipping zoning confirmation and then learning your use is not allowed after you sign a lease.
  • Treating Charlotte like it has a “one and done” business license; you miss sales tax, health, or fire permits.
  • Buying equipment (hoods, sinks, suppression) that can’t meet code.
  • Forgetting business personal property listing by January 31.
  • Paying a third-party for an EIN (it’s $0 from the IRS).
  • Assuming home-based businesses have no limits (parking, signage, employees on-site) and getting cited.
  • Applying for an ABC permit before you have zoning approval and inspections aligned.
  • Not registering for withholding and unemployment before the first payroll.
  • Missing required workplace posters and injury reporting.

What to do if this doesn’t work:

  • If you’ve already made a misstep, contact 311 or the relevant agency quickly. Most issues are fixable with a plan and clear deadlines.
  • If cash is tight due to delays, ask your landlord for a build-out schedule amendment that ties rent commencement to inspections/CO.

Inclusivity, diversity, and accessibility: Charlotte and North Carolina resources

  • City of Charlotte – Charlotte Business INClusion (CBI) program: Certification and opportunities for MWSBE (Minority, Women, and Small Business Enterprises) on City contracts. Start via charlottenc.gov (search “CBI”).
  • North Carolina Office for Historically Underutilized Businesses (HUB): State certification recognized by many public entities. Source: NC HUB Office (NC Department of Administration).
  • Women’s Business Center of Charlotte: Training and counseling for women entrepreneurs. Find the Charlotte WBC via the SBA resource partner locator: SBA – Find local assistance.
  • Veterans: Federal certification for Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Businesses (SDVOSB) and Veteran-Owned Small Businesses (VOSB) through SBA’s Veteran certification program. Source: SBA – Veteran Small Business Certification.
  • Minority supplier development: Carolinas-Virginia MSDC (regional NMSDC affiliate) connects minority-owned firms with corporate supply chains. Source: CVMSDC – About.
  • LGBTQ+-owned: NGLCC certification (often recognized by corporate supplier diversity programs). Source: National LGBT Chamber of Commerce – Certification.
  • Disability-owned: Disability:IN’s Disability-Owned Business Enterprise (DOBE) certification. Source: Disability:IN – Certification.
  • Immigrant-owned and language access: City 311 supports multiple languages; Mecklenburg County agencies provide interpreter services on request. Start with 311 or the specific department page at mecknc.gov.

What to do if this doesn’t work:

  • If you’re unsure which certification helps you most, book a free advising session through the SBA North Carolina District Office and ask for “certification strategy” counseling.

Tables you can use to plan

Table: Who to contact for what in Charlotte/Mecklenburg

Topic First stop Phone Link
City services triage (zoning, permits, fire routing) Charlotte 311 311 or 704-336-7600 City of Charlotte
Building permits, inspections, CO Mecklenburg County LUESA Mecklenburg County LUESA
Environmental Health (food service) Mecklenburg County Public Health Mecklenburg County Public Health
State sales/use, withholding NCDOR 1-877-252-3052 NCDOR – Business Registration
Unemployment insurance (employers) DES DES – Employers
ABC permits NC ABC Commission ABC – Permits
Business entity formation NC SOS SOS – Business Registration
Workers’ comp rules NC Industrial Commission NCIC
DBA / Assumed Name SOS (statewide index) + Meck ROD SOS – Assumed Business Names
Business personal property listing Mecklenburg County Assessor Mecklenburg County Assessor

Table: Tax registrations checklist (NC)

Registration Who needs it Cost Where
EIN (IRS) Most businesses; required to hire employees $0 IRS – EIN
Sales & Use Tax (NCDOR) Sellers of taxable goods/services in NC $0 NCDOR – Business Registration
Withholding (NCDOR) Employers with payroll in NC $0 NCDOR – Business Registration
Unemployment Insurance (DES) Employers meeting wage/employee thresholds $0 to register DES – Employers

Table: Common Charlotte approvals by business model

Business model Zoning/CO Health Fire State license Sales tax ABC
Retail shop Likely yes Not usually Maybe (assembly) No Likely yes No
Office/professional services Likely yes No No Maybe (profession) Maybe No
Restaurant/café Yes Yes Yes No Yes Maybe
Salon/barber Yes Yes (shop license) Maybe Yes (practitioners) Yes (products) No
Food truck Zoning rules for vending Yes (mobile food unit) Yes No Yes No (unless selling alcohol)

Table: Opening sequence you can adapt

Week Task Owner
0 Confirm zoning/use; sketch floor plan; rough budget You + landlord/architect
1 Form entity (SOS) and get EIN You
1–2 Register with NCDOR (sales/withholding) and DES (UI) You
2–4 Submit building and health plans; order compliant equipment Architect/contractor + You
4–8 Plan reviews, revisions, inspections You + team
7–9 Fire inspections; final building inspections; CO You + contractor
8–9 ABC permit (if applicable) aligned with local sign‑off You
9 Business personal property list prep (if open by year‑end) You
9–10 Soft opening; compliance checklists; posters; training You

What to do if this doesn’t work:

  • If a task stalls, ask for a plan review meeting or escalation path. Agencies will usually help if you come with specific questions and a complete application.

10 North Carolina/Charlotte FAQs (with official sources)

  • Do I need a general “City of Charlotte business license”?
    • For most businesses: No. North Carolina repealed most local privilege license requirements effective July 1, 2015. Source: NC Session Law 2014‑3.
  • What is the Charlotte/Mecklenburg sales tax rate?
  • Is the sales tax permit free?
  • When is the business personal property listing due?
  • Do I need a North Carolina general contractor license?
  • I’m a home-based business. Anything special?
    • Charlotte’s home occupation rules limit certain activities (e.g., signage, employees on-site, parking). Verify with 311 before you open.
  • How long do ABC permits take?
  • Do online sellers need to collect NC sales tax from NC customers?
  • How do I register a DBA (assumed name) in Mecklenburg County?
  • Who can help me for free with a business plan and permits?

“If this doesn’t work” – practical Plan B options by situation

  • Lease is stuck because of permit uncertainty
    • Ask for a lease contingency tied to obtaining permits/CO by a specific date, or an early-access clause for permitting.
  • Budget blowout after plan review
    • Value-engineer with your architect/contractor to meet code at lower cost. Ask LUESA if alternates are allowed.
  • ABC permit delayed
    • Open without alcohol and add beer/wine later; focus on food and non-alcoholic offerings in your first weeks.
  • Health permit delayed
    • Consider a phased opening (e.g., beverages and packaged food only, if compliant) or operate as a caterer out of an approved commissary until your dine‑in space is cleared (only if rules allow—verify with Environmental Health).
  • Hiring delays
    • Use staffing agencies or part-time contracts while finishing DES and workers’ comp setup (ensure you stay compliant with labor classification rules).

How to apply: document checklists

Bring these early; missing documents are the top cause of delays.

  • Zoning/use confirmation
    • Address, suite number, description of activities, proposed hours, parking/loading info.
  • Building permits
    • Sealed drawings (if required), equipment specs, contractor licenses, energy/mechanical forms, asbestos letter (where required).
  • Environmental Health (food)
    • Menu, equipment list with cut sheets, scaled floor plan with plumbing and mechanical, finish schedules, hot water and waste details, commissary agreement for mobile units.
  • ABC permits
    • Entity docs, lease/deed, floor plan, background checks, local government compliance form, inspection sign‑offs.
  • Tax registrations
    • EIN, NAICS code, start date, owner/manager information.

Search-friendly, real-world keywords that match this guide

  • “Do I need a business license in Charlotte NC?”
  • “Charlotte NC Certificate of Occupancy process”
  • “Mecklenburg County food permit application”
  • “North Carolina sales tax registration for small business”
  • “Charlotte NC home occupation rules”
  • “How to get an ABC permit in North Carolina”
  • “Mecklenburg County building permit fees”
  • “North Carolina contractor license threshold 40000”
  • “Charlotte sign permit application”
  • “Mecklenburg County business personal property listing January 31”

What to do next (action list you can follow this week)

  • Call 311 or 704-336-7600 and confirm your use is allowed at your target address; ask for any special approvals you’ll need.
  • If you haven’t formed your entity, file with NC SOS – Business Registration and get your free EIN at IRS – EIN.
  • Register for sales/use (and withholding if hiring) at NCDOR – Business Registration. If you’ll have employees, open a DES UI account at des.nc.gov.
  • If you’re food/alcohol/personal care/childcare/construction, pull your industry’s permit checklist from the links in this guide.
  • Calendar your business personal property listing for January 31 if you will own equipment or furnishings this year.

About this guide

This guide is written for everyday Charlotte founders and owners who need a practical, no‑nonsense path to get legal and open. It focuses on the most common steps, agencies, and trouble spots for Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, with direct links to official sources. It is not legal or tax advice; always confirm details with the agency links provided.

Disclaimer

Information and program details can change. Fees, timelines, tax rates, and rules are updated by the City of Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, and North Carolina agencies. Always verify requirements, deadlines, and amounts using the official links in this guide before you apply or pay any fees. If you have specific legal or tax questions, consult a qualified North Carolina attorney or CPA.